Section IV Transition (20 points)

　　Directions：In this section there is a passage in English．Translate the passage into Chinese and with your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．

　　Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life．Creativity has come to be valued，because new technologies，new industries and new wealth flow from it．And as a result，our lives and Society have begun to echo with creative ideas．It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age．

　　Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today，and in many senses always has Been. The big advances in standard of living--not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from“better recipes，not just more cooking．”O(jiān)ne might argue that’s not strictly true．One might point out，for instance，that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times，much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine，but from the widespread application of“cooking in quantity”business methods like massive division of labor，concentration of assets，vertical integration and economies of scale．But those methods themselves were creative developments．

　　推動(dòng)當(dāng)今社會(huì)巨大變化的動(dòng)力是人類創(chuàng)造力的崛起。作為經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的一個(gè)顯著特征，創(chuàng)造力已開(kāi)始受到重視，因?yàn)楦鞣N新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)業(yè)和新財(cái)富源源不斷地隨之而生。其結(jié)果是我們的生活和社會(huì)中充滿了創(chuàng)造性思想。正是我們?cè)诟鱾�(gè)領(lǐng)域里各種各樣的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造構(gòu)成了當(dāng)今社會(huì)的精神基礎(chǔ)。

　　創(chuàng)造力對(duì)我們當(dāng)今的生活和工作方式至關(guān)重要，而且從各種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，一向如此。生活水平的顯著提高-----更不用說(shuō)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的強(qiáng)大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，總是源于“更好地烹飪法，而不是更多的烹制品”。也許有人認(rèn)為這種說(shuō)法不一定嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。比如他會(huì)指出，從最初的工業(yè)革命到現(xiàn)代社會(huì)這一漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期內(nèi)，工業(yè)化國(guó)家生產(chǎn)力的提高和物質(zhì)財(cái)富的積累，很多都不是來(lái)自諸如蒸汽機(jī)之類的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，而是來(lái)自“大量烹制”式的企業(yè)管理方法的廣泛運(yùn)用，如大規(guī)模的勞動(dòng)力分工、資產(chǎn)的集中、縱向整合及規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)等。但是其實(shí)這些方法本身就是創(chuàng)新。