五，詞義的選擇

A． 英語單詞的詞義比較靈活，一個詞可以具有幾種不同的含義。一個詞的詞義往往取決于與它搭配部分的詞對它的制約。比如have在下列詞組中具有的不同含義：

1）Have a letter.

2）Have a cup of coffee.

3）Have a cold.

4）Have a try.

B． 有時，一個詞的詞義很難僅僅依靠該詞在行文中的搭配，組合關系來判斷，還必須聯系上下文，統觀全句，全段才能確定這個詞所具有的含義。例如下列句子中last所表示的意義：

1）He is the last man to come.

2）He is the last man to do it.

3）He is the last man for such a job.

4）This is the last place where I expected to meet you.

Ⅱ 根據上下文邏輯關系將詞義加以引申

由于英漢兩種語言在詞語搭配和句子結構上存在許多差異，英譯漢時總有一些詞或詞組難以按原文的字面意義直譯出來，為了使譯文通順達意，常常須將原文詞義根據上下文的內在聯系和邏輯關系將原文詞語的深層意義表達出來，因此不能主觀隨意，不能脫離原文詞義的基本范圍。引申詞義可從以下方面來考慮：

A.詞義轉譯

An idea formed in my mind.

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B.詞義具體化

Let me put on my things.

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C.詞義抽象化

Wait a minute.

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Tell the policeman your story.

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Every life has its roses and thorns

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練習：

1.

This is the first round.

There is a round table the room.

Round the corner slowly. 

He walked round the house.

Come round tomorrow.

2.

She likes reading more than writing.

He doesn’t look like a professor.

I can’t play piano like you do.

3.

He shook her hand and went away.                  

Mike writes a good hand.

His hand is out. 

Give me a hand, please. 

This office is short of hands. 

We have the situation well in hand.

4.  

Could you pick me up at 7?

He slipped and fell, but quickly picked himself up.

She picked up a used camera at the flea market.

His health picked up after a week in hospital.

Survivors of the air disaster were picked up by small boats.

Don’t pick up strange boys.

How can you manage to pick up the language in such a short period of time?

The murderer was picked up within 24 hours.

We picked up the story again at the point where Jack has lost his job at the newspaper.

5．

I’ll see her home tonight.

India is the home of elephants.

New homes are for sale.

She’s at home where she is.

Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.

Much is produced here for home market.

He looks on London as his home.

6．

That car was really moving.

Stock prices moved ahead today. 

The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.

Work on the new building is moving quickly.

The government’s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.

I move that we support the introduction of this new technological process.

She moves in the highest circles of society.

Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.

7．

I think your suggestion will work.

The new treatment works like magic.

My watch doesn’t work.

The sea works high.

She worked her way to the front.

The root of the pine tree worked down between the stones.

The new regulation is working well.

8.

I want to present everyone present a present.

9.

The insurance was invalid for the invalid.